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.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.32 .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sh \" Subsection heading .br .if t .Sp .ne 5 .PP \fB\\$1\fR .PP .. .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a .\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. 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They are described here to facilitate debugging and extending the library. They are \fInot\fR to be used by applications. .Sh "The \s-1BIGNUM\s0 structure" .IX Subsection "The BIGNUM structure" .Vb 1 \& typedef struct bignum_st BIGNUM; .Ve .PP .Vb 9 \& struct bignum_st \& { \& BN_ULONG *d; /* Pointer to an array of 'BN_BITS2' bit chunks. */ \& int top; /* Index of last used d +1. */ \& /* The next are internal book keeping for bn_expand. */ \& int dmax; /* Size of the d array. */ \& int neg; /* one if the number is negative */ \& int flags; \& }; .Ve .PP The integer value is stored in \fBd\fR, a \fImalloc()\fRed array of words (\fB\s-1BN_ULONG\s0\fR), least significant word first. A \fB\s-1BN_ULONG\s0\fR can be either 16, 32 or 64 bits in size, depending on the 'number of bits' (\fB\s-1BITS2\s0\fR) specified in \&\f(CW\*(C`openssl/bn.h\*(C'\fR. .PP \&\fBdmax\fR is the size of the \fBd\fR array that has been allocated. \fBtop\fR is the number of words being used, so for a value of 4, bn.d[0]=4 and bn.top=1. \fBneg\fR is 1 if the number is negative. When a \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR is \&\fB0\fR, the \fBd\fR field can be \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR and \fBtop\fR == \fB0\fR. .PP \&\fBflags\fR is a bit field of flags which are defined in \f(CW\*(C`openssl/bn.h\*(C'\fR. The flags begin with \fB\s-1BN_FLG_\s0\fR. The macros BN_set_flags(b,n) and BN_get_flags(b,n) exist to enable or fetch flag(s) \fBn\fR from \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR structure \fBb\fR. .PP Various routines in this library require the use of temporary \&\fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR variables during their execution. Since dynamic memory allocation to create \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fRs is rather expensive when used in conjunction with repeated subroutine calls, the \fB\s-1BN_CTX\s0\fR structure is used. This structure contains \fB\s-1BN_CTX_NUM\s0\fR \fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fRs, see \&\fIBN_CTX_start\fR\|(3). .Sh "Low-level arithmetic operations" .IX Subsection "Low-level arithmetic operations" These functions are implemented in C and for several platforms in assembly language: .PP bn_mul_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBnum\fR, \fBw\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word arrays \fBrp\fR and \fBap\fR. It computes \fBap\fR * \fBw\fR, places the result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the high word (carry). .PP bn_mul_add_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBnum\fR, \fBw\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word arrays \fBrp\fR and \fBap\fR. It computes \fBap\fR * \fBw\fR + \fBrp\fR, places the result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the high word (carry). .PP bn_sqr_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBn\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word array \&\fBap\fR and the 2*\fBnum\fR word array \fBap\fR. It computes \fBap\fR * \fBap\fR word\-wise, and places the low and high bytes of the result in \fBrp\fR. .PP bn_div_words(\fBh\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBd\fR) divides the two word number (\fBh\fR,\fBl\fR) by \fBd\fR and returns the result. .PP bn_add_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR, \fBnum\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word arrays \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR and \fBrp\fR. It computes \fBap\fR + \fBbp\fR, places the result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the high word (carry). .PP bn_sub_words(\fBrp\fR, \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR, \fBnum\fR) operates on the \fBnum\fR word arrays \fBap\fR, \fBbp\fR and \fBrp\fR. It computes \fBap\fR \- \fBbp\fR, places the result in \fBrp\fR, and returns the carry (1 if \fBbp\fR > \fBap\fR, 0 otherwise). .PP bn_mul_comba4(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 4 word arrays \fBa\fR and \&\fBb\fR and the 8 word array \fBr\fR. It computes \fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_mul_comba8(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 8 word arrays \fBa\fR and \&\fBb\fR and the 16 word array \fBr\fR. It computes \fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_sqr_comba4(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 4 word arrays \fBa\fR and \&\fBb\fR and the 8 word array \fBr\fR. .PP bn_sqr_comba8(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR) operates on the 8 word arrays \fBa\fR and \&\fBb\fR and the 16 word array \fBr\fR. .PP The following functions are implemented in C: .PP bn_cmp_words(\fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn\fR) operates on the \fBn\fR word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR. It returns 1, 0 and \-1 if \fBa\fR is greater than, equal and less than \fBb\fR. .PP bn_mul_normal(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBna\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBnb\fR) operates on the \fBna\fR word array \fBa\fR, the \fBnb\fR word array \fBb\fR and the \fBna\fR+\fBnb\fR word array \fBr\fR. It computes \fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_mul_low_normal(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn\fR) operates on the \fBn\fR word arrays \fBr\fR, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR. It computes the \fBn\fR low words of \&\fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_mul_recursive(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn2\fR, \fBdna\fR, \fBdnb\fR, \fBt\fR) operates on the word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR of length \fBn2\fR+\fBdna\fR and \fBn2\fR+\fBdnb\fR (\fBdna\fR and \fBdnb\fR are currently allowed to be 0 or negative) and the 2*\fBn2\fR word arrays \fBr\fR and \fBt\fR. \fBn2\fR must be a power of 2. It computes \&\fBa\fR*\fBb\fR and places the result in \fBr\fR. .PP bn_mul_part_recursive(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn\fR, \fBtna\fR, \fBtnb\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR of length \fBn\fR+\fBtna\fR and \&\fBn\fR+\fBtnb\fR and the 4*\fBn\fR word arrays \fBr\fR and \fBtmp\fR. .PP bn_mul_low_recursive(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBn2\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the \&\fBn2\fR word arrays \fBr\fR and \fBtmp\fR and the \fBn2\fR/2 word arrays \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR. .PP bn_mul_high(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR, \fBl\fR, \fBn2\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the \&\fBn2\fR word arrays \fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBb\fR and \fBl\fR (?) and the 3*\fBn2\fR word array \fBtmp\fR. .PP \&\fIBN_mul()\fR calls \fIbn_mul_normal()\fR, or an optimized implementation if the factors have the same size: \fIbn_mul_comba8()\fR is used if they are 8 words long, \fIbn_mul_recursive()\fR if they are larger than \&\fB\s-1BN_MULL_SIZE_NORMAL\s0\fR and the size is an exact multiple of the word size, and \fIbn_mul_part_recursive()\fR for others that are larger than \&\fB\s-1BN_MULL_SIZE_NORMAL\s0\fR. .PP bn_sqr_normal(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBn\fR, \fBtmp\fR) operates on the \fBn\fR word array \&\fBa\fR and the 2*\fBn\fR word arrays \fBtmp\fR and \fBr\fR. .PP The implementations use the following macros which, depending on the architecture, may use \*(L"long long\*(R" C operations or inline assembler. They are defined in \f(CW\*(C`bn_lcl.h\*(C'\fR. .PP mul(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBw\fR, \fBc\fR) computes \fBw\fR*\fBa\fR+\fBc\fR and places the low word of the result in \fBr\fR and the high word in \fBc\fR. .PP mul_add(\fBr\fR, \fBa\fR, \fBw\fR, \fBc\fR) computes \fBw\fR*\fBa\fR+\fBr\fR+\fBc\fR and places the low word of the result in \fBr\fR and the high word in \fBc\fR. .PP sqr(\fBr0\fR, \fBr1\fR, \fBa\fR) computes \fBa\fR*\fBa\fR and places the low word of the result in \fBr0\fR and the high word in \fBr1\fR. .Sh "Size changes" .IX Subsection "Size changes" \&\fIbn_expand()\fR ensures that \fBb\fR has enough space for a \fBbits\fR bit number. \fIbn_wexpand()\fR ensures that \fBb\fR has enough space for an \&\fBn\fR word number. If the number has to be expanded, both macros call \fIbn_expand2()\fR, which allocates a new \fBd\fR array and copies the data. They return \fB\s-1NULL\s0\fR on error, \fBb\fR otherwise. .PP The \fIbn_fix_top()\fR macro reduces \fBa\->top\fR to point to the most significant non-zero word plus one when \fBa\fR has shrunk. .Sh "Debugging" .IX Subsection "Debugging" \&\fIbn_check_top()\fR verifies that \f(CW\*(C`((a)\->top >= 0 && (a)\->top <= (a)\->dmax)\*(C'\fR. A violation will cause the program to abort. .PP \&\fIbn_print()\fR prints \fBa\fR to stderr. \fIbn_dump()\fR prints \fBn\fR words at \fBd\fR (in reverse order, i.e. most significant word first) to stderr. .PP \&\fIbn_set_max()\fR makes \fBa\fR a static number with a \fBdmax\fR of its current size. This is used by \fIbn_set_low()\fR and \fIbn_set_high()\fR to make \fBr\fR a read-only \&\fB\s-1BIGNUM\s0\fR that contains the \fBn\fR low or high words of \fBa\fR. .PP If \fB\s-1BN_DEBUG\s0\fR is not defined, \fIbn_check_top()\fR, \fIbn_print()\fR, \fIbn_dump()\fR and \fIbn_set_max()\fR are defined as empty macros. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\fIbn\fR\|(3)