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.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.25 (Pod::Simple 3.20) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will .\" give a nicer C++. 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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" perlutil \- utilities packaged with the Perl distribution .SH "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" Along with the Perl interpreter itself, the Perl distribution installs a range of utilities on your system. There are also several utilities which are used by the Perl distribution itself as part of the install process. This document exists to list all of these utilities, explain what they are for and provide pointers to each module's documentation, if appropriate. .SH "LIST OF UTILITIES" .IX Header "LIST OF UTILITIES" .SS "Documentation" .IX Subsection "Documentation" .IP "perldoc" 3 .IX Item "perldoc" The main interface to Perl's documentation is \f(CW\*(C`perldoc\*(C'\fR, although if you're reading this, it's more than likely that you've already found it. \fIperldoc\fR will extract and format the documentation from any file in the current directory, any Perl module installed on the system, or any of the standard documentation pages, such as this one. Use \&\f(CW\*(C`perldoc <name>\*(C'\fR to get information on any of the utilities described in this document. .IP "pod2man and pod2text" 3 .IX Item "pod2man and pod2text" If it's run from a terminal, \fIperldoc\fR will usually call \fIpod2man\fR to translate \s-1POD\s0 (Plain Old Documentation \- see perlpod for an explanation) into a manpage, and then run \fIman\fR to display it; if \&\fIman\fR isn't available, \fIpod2text\fR will be used instead and the output piped through your favourite pager. .IP "pod2html and pod2latex" 3 .IX Item "pod2html and pod2latex" As well as these two, there are two other converters: \fIpod2html\fR will produce \s-1HTML\s0 pages from \s-1POD\s0, and \fIpod2latex\fR, which produces LaTeX files. .IP "pod2usage" 3 .IX Item "pod2usage" If you just want to know how to use the utilities described here, \&\fIpod2usage\fR will just extract the \*(L"\s-1USAGE\s0\*(R" section; some of the utilities will automatically call \fIpod2usage\fR on themselves when you call them with \f(CW\*(C`\-help\*(C'\fR. .IP "podselect" 3 .IX Item "podselect" \&\fIpod2usage\fR is a special case of \fIpodselect\fR, a utility to extract named sections from documents written in \s-1POD\s0. For instance, while utilities have \*(L"\s-1USAGE\s0\*(R" sections, Perl modules usually have \*(L"\s-1SYNOPSIS\s0\*(R" sections: \f(CW\*(C`podselect \-s "SYNOPSIS" ...\*(C'\fR will extract this section for a given file. .IP "podchecker" 3 .IX Item "podchecker" If you're writing your own documentation in \s-1POD\s0, the \fIpodchecker\fR utility will look for errors in your markup. .IP "splain" 3 .IX Item "splain" \&\fIsplain\fR is an interface to perldiag \- paste in your error message to it, and it'll explain it for you. .ie n .IP """roffitall""" 3 .el .IP "\f(CWroffitall\fR" 3 .IX Item "roffitall" The \f(CW\*(C`roffitall\*(C'\fR utility is not installed on your system but lives in the \fIpod/\fR directory of your Perl source kit; it converts all the documentation from the distribution to \fI*roff\fR format, and produces a typeset PostScript or text file of the whole lot. .SS "Converters" .IX Subsection "Converters" To help you convert legacy programs to Perl, we've included three conversion filters: .IP "a2p" 3 .IX Item "a2p" \&\fIa2p\fR converts \fIawk\fR scripts to Perl programs; for example, \f(CW\*(C`a2p \-F:\*(C'\fR on the simple \fIawk\fR script \f(CW\*(C`{print $2}\*(C'\fR will produce a Perl program based around this code: .Sp .Vb 4 \& while (<>) { \& ($Fld1,$Fld2) = split(/[:\en]/, $_, \-1); \& print $Fld2; \& } .Ve .IP "s2p and psed" 3 .IX Item "s2p and psed" Similarly, \fIs2p\fR converts \fIsed\fR scripts to Perl programs. \fIs2p\fR run on \f(CW\*(C`s/foo/bar\*(C'\fR will produce a Perl program based around this: .Sp .Vb 5 \& while (<>) { \& chomp; \& s/foo/bar/g; \& print if $printit; \& } .Ve .Sp When invoked as \fIpsed\fR, it behaves as a \fIsed\fR implementation, written in Perl. .IP "find2perl" 3 .IX Item "find2perl" Finally, \fIfind2perl\fR translates \f(CW\*(C`find\*(C'\fR commands to Perl equivalents which use the File::Find module. As an example, \&\f(CW\*(C`find2perl . \-user root \-perm 4000 \-print\*(C'\fR produces the following callback subroutine for \f(CW\*(C`File::Find\*(C'\fR: .Sp .Vb 7 \& sub wanted { \& my ($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid); \& (($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid) = lstat($_)) && \& $uid == $uid{\*(Aqroot\*(Aq}) && \& (($mode & 0777) == 04000); \& print("$name\en"); \& } .Ve .PP As well as these filters for converting other languages, the pl2pm utility will help you convert old-style Perl 4 libraries to new-style Perl5 modules. .SS "Administration" .IX Subsection "Administration" .IP "config_data" 3 .IX Item "config_data" Query or change configuration of Perl modules that use Module::Build\-based configuration files for features and config data. .IP "libnetcfg" 3 .IX Item "libnetcfg" To display and change the libnet configuration run the libnetcfg command. .IP "perlivp" 3 .IX Item "perlivp" The \fIperlivp\fR program is set up at Perl source code build time to test the Perl version it was built under. It can be used after running \f(CW\*(C`make install\*(C'\fR (or your platform's equivalent procedure) to verify that perl and its libraries have been installed correctly. .SS "Development" .IX Subsection "Development" There are a set of utilities which help you in developing Perl programs, and in particular, extending Perl with C. .IP "perlbug" 3 .IX Item "perlbug" \&\fIperlbug\fR is the recommended way to report bugs in the perl interpreter itself or any of the standard library modules back to the developers; please read through the documentation for \fIperlbug\fR thoroughly before using it to submit a bug report. .IP "perlthanks" 3 .IX Item "perlthanks" This program provides an easy way to send a thank-you message back to the authors and maintainers of perl. It's just \fIperlbug\fR installed under another name. .IP "h2ph" 3 .IX Item "h2ph" Back before Perl had the \s-1XS\s0 system for connecting with C libraries, programmers used to get library constants by reading through the C header files. You may still see \f(CW\*(C`require \*(Aqsyscall.ph\*(Aq\*(C'\fR or similar around \- the \fI.ph\fR file should be created by running \fIh2ph\fR on the corresponding \fI.h\fR file. See the \fIh2ph\fR documentation for more on how to convert a whole bunch of header files at once. .IP "c2ph and pstruct" 3 .IX Item "c2ph and pstruct" \&\fIc2ph\fR and \fIpstruct\fR, which are actually the same program but behave differently depending on how they are called, provide another way of getting at C with Perl \- they'll convert C structures and union declarations to Perl code. This is deprecated in favour of \fIh2xs\fR these days. .IP "h2xs" 3 .IX Item "h2xs" \&\fIh2xs\fR converts C header files into \s-1XS\s0 modules, and will try and write as much glue between C libraries and Perl modules as it can. It's also very useful for creating skeletons of pure Perl modules. .IP "enc2xs" 3 .IX Item "enc2xs" \&\fIenc2xs\fR builds a Perl extension for use by Encode from either Unicode Character Mapping files (.ucm) or Tcl Encoding Files (.enc). Besides being used internally during the build process of the Encode module, you can use \fIenc2xs\fR to add your own encoding to perl. No knowledge of \s-1XS\s0 is necessary. .IP "xsubpp" 3 .IX Item "xsubpp" \&\fIxsubpp\fR is a compiler to convert Perl \s-1XS\s0 code into C code. It is typically run by the makefiles created by ExtUtils::MakeMaker. .Sp \&\fIxsubpp\fR will compile \s-1XS\s0 code into C code by embedding the constructs necessary to let C functions manipulate Perl values and creates the glue necessary to let Perl access those functions. .IP "prove" 3 .IX Item "prove" \&\fIprove\fR is a command-line interface to the test-running functionality of \fITest::Harness\fR. It's an alternative to \f(CW\*(C`make test\*(C'\fR. .IP "corelist" 3 .IX Item "corelist" A command-line front-end to \f(CW\*(C`Module::CoreList\*(C'\fR, to query what modules were shipped with given versions of perl. .SS "General tools" .IX Subsection "General tools" A few general-purpose tools are shipped with perl, mostly because they came along modules included in the perl distribution. .IP "piconv" 3 .IX Item "piconv" \&\fBpiconv\fR is a Perl version of \fBiconv\fR, a character encoding converter widely available for various Unixen today. This script was primarily a technology demonstrator for Perl 5.8.0, but you can use piconv in the place of iconv for virtually any case. .IP "ptar" 3 .IX Item "ptar" \&\fIptar\fR is a tar-like program, written in pure Perl. .IP "ptardiff" 3 .IX Item "ptardiff" \&\fIptardiff\fR is a small utility that produces a diff between an extracted archive and an unextracted one. (Note that this utility requires the \&\f(CW\*(C`Text::Diff\*(C'\fR module to function properly; this module isn't distributed with perl, but is available from the \s-1CPAN\s0.) .IP "ptargrep" 3 .IX Item "ptargrep" \&\fIptargrep\fR is a utility to apply pattern matching to the contents of files in a tar archive. .IP "shasum" 3 .IX Item "shasum" This utility, that comes with the \f(CW\*(C`Digest::SHA\*(C'\fR module, is used to print or verify \s-1SHA\s0 checksums. .IP "zipdetails" 3 .IX Item "zipdetails" zipdetails displays information about the internal record structure of the zip file. It is not concerned with displaying any details of the compressed data stored in the zip file. .SS "Installation" .IX Subsection "Installation" These utilities help manage extra Perl modules that don't come with the perl distribution. .IP "cpan" 3 .IX Item "cpan" \&\fIcpan\fR is a command-line interface to \s-1CPAN\s0.pm. It allows you to install modules or distributions from \s-1CPAN\s0, or just get information about them, and a lot more. It is similar to the command line mode of the \s-1CPAN\s0 module, .Sp .Vb 1 \& perl \-MCPAN \-e shell .Ve .IP "cpanp" 3 .IX Item "cpanp" \&\fIcpanp\fR is, like \fIcpan\fR, a command-line interface to the \s-1CPAN\s0, using the \f(CW\*(C`CPANPLUS\*(C'\fR module as a back-end. It can be used interactively or imperatively. .IP "cpan2dist" 3 .IX Item "cpan2dist" \&\fIcpan2dist\fR is a tool to create distributions (or packages) from \s-1CPAN\s0 modules, then suitable for your package manager of choice. Support for specific formats are available from \s-1CPAN\s0 as \f(CW\*(C`CPANPLUS::Dist::*\*(C'\fR modules. .IP "instmodsh" 3 .IX Item "instmodsh" A little interface to ExtUtils::Installed to examine installed modules, validate your packlists and even create a tarball from an installed module. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" perldoc, pod2man, perlpod, pod2html, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, perldiag, \&\f(CW\*(C`roffitall|roffitall\*(C'\fR, a2p, s2p, find2perl, File::Find, pl2pm, perlbug, h2ph, c2ph, h2xs, enc2xs, xsubpp, cpan, cpanp, cpan2dist, instmodsh, piconv, prove, corelist, ptar, ptardiff, shasum, zipdetails