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Filename : Simple.pm
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package Locale::Maketext::Simple;
$Locale::Maketext::Simple::VERSION = '0.21';

use strict;
use 5.005;

=head1 NAME

Locale::Maketext::Simple - Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon

=head1 VERSION

This document describes version 0.18 of Locale::Maketext::Simple,
released Septermber 8, 2006.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

Minimal setup (looks for F<auto/Foo/*.po> and F<auto/Foo/*.mo>):

    package Foo;
    use Locale::Maketext::Simple;	# exports 'loc'
    loc_lang('fr');			# set language to French
    sub hello {
	print loc("Hello, [_1]!", "World");
    }

More sophisticated example:

    package Foo::Bar;
    use Locale::Maketext::Simple (
	Class	    => 'Foo',	    # search in auto/Foo/
	Style	    => 'gettext',   # %1 instead of [_1]
	Export	    => 'maketext',  # maketext() instead of loc()
	Subclass    => 'L10N',	    # Foo::L10N instead of Foo::I18N
	Decode	    => 1,	    # decode entries to unicode-strings
	Encoding    => 'locale',    # but encode lexicons in current locale
				    # (needs Locale::Maketext::Lexicon 0.36)
    );
    sub japh {
	print maketext("Just another %1 hacker", "Perl");
    }

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module is a simple wrapper around B<Locale::Maketext::Lexicon>,
designed to alleviate the need of creating I<Language Classes> for
module authors.

The language used is chosen from the loc_lang call. If a lookup is not
possible, the i-default language will be used. If the lookup is not in the
i-default language, then the key will be returned.

If B<Locale::Maketext::Lexicon> is not present, it implements a
minimal localization function by simply interpolating C<[_1]> with
the first argument, C<[_2]> with the second, etc.  Interpolated
function like C<[quant,_1]> are treated as C<[_1]>, with the sole
exception of C<[tense,_1,X]>, which will append C<ing> to C<_1> when
X is C<present>, or appending C<ed> to <_1> otherwise.

=head1 OPTIONS

All options are passed either via the C<use> statement, or via an
explicit C<import>.

=head2 Class

By default, B<Locale::Maketext::Simple> draws its source from the
calling package's F<auto/> directory; you can override this behaviour
by explicitly specifying another package as C<Class>.

=head2 Path

If your PO and MO files are under a path elsewhere than C<auto/>,
you may specify it using the C<Path> option.

=head2 Style

By default, this module uses the C<maketext> style of C<[_1]> and
C<[quant,_1]> for interpolation.  Alternatively, you can specify the
C<gettext> style, which uses C<%1> and C<%quant(%1)> for interpolation.

This option is case-insensitive.

=head2 Export

By default, this module exports a single function, C<loc>, into its
caller's namespace.  You can set it to another name, or set it to
an empty string to disable exporting.

=head2 Subclass

By default, this module creates an C<::I18N> subclass under the
caller's package (or the package specified by C<Class>), and stores
lexicon data in its subclasses.  You can assign a name other than
C<I18N> via this option.

=head2 Decode

If set to a true value, source entries will be converted into
utf8-strings (available in Perl 5.6.1 or later).  This feature
needs the B<Encode> or B<Encode::compat> module.

=head2 Encoding

Specifies an encoding to store lexicon entries, instead of
utf8-strings.  If set to C<locale>, the encoding from the current
locale setting is used.  Implies a true value for C<Decode>.

=cut

sub import {
    my ($class, %args) = @_;

    $args{Class}    ||= caller;
    $args{Style}    ||= 'maketext';
    $args{Export}   ||= 'loc';
    $args{Subclass} ||= 'I18N';

    my ($loc, $loc_lang) = $class->load_loc(%args);
    $loc ||= $class->default_loc(%args);

    no strict 'refs';
    *{caller(0) . "::$args{Export}"} = $loc if $args{Export};
    *{caller(0) . "::$args{Export}_lang"} = $loc_lang || sub { 1 };
}

my %Loc;

sub reload_loc { %Loc = () }

sub load_loc {
    my ($class, %args) = @_;

    my $pkg = join('::', grep { defined and length } $args{Class}, $args{Subclass});
    return $Loc{$pkg} if exists $Loc{$pkg};

    eval { require Locale::Maketext::Lexicon; 1 }   or return;
    $Locale::Maketext::Lexicon::VERSION > 0.20	    or return;
    eval { require File::Spec; 1 }		    or return;

    my $path = $args{Path} || $class->auto_path($args{Class}) or return;
    my $pattern = File::Spec->catfile($path, '*.[pm]o');
    my $decode = $args{Decode} || 0;
    my $encoding = $args{Encoding} || undef;

    $decode = 1 if $encoding;

    $pattern =~ s{\\}{/}g; # to counter win32 paths

    eval "
	package $pkg;
	use base 'Locale::Maketext';
	Locale::Maketext::Lexicon->import({
	    'i-default' => [ 'Auto' ],
	    '*'	=> [ Gettext => \$pattern ],
	    _decode => \$decode,
	    _encoding => \$encoding,
	});
	*${pkg}::Lexicon = \\%${pkg}::i_default::Lexicon;
	*tense = sub { \$_[1] . ((\$_[2] eq 'present') ? 'ing' : 'ed') }
	    unless defined &tense;

	1;
    " or die $@;

    my $lh = eval { $pkg->get_handle } or return;
    my $style = lc($args{Style});
    if ($style eq 'maketext') {
	$Loc{$pkg} = sub {
	    $lh->maketext(@_)
	};
    }
    elsif ($style eq 'gettext') {
	$Loc{$pkg} = sub {
	    my $str = shift;
            $str =~ s{([\~\[\]])}{~$1}g;
            $str =~ s{
                ([%\\]%)                        # 1 - escaped sequence
            |
                %   (?:
                        ([A-Za-z#*]\w*)         # 2 - function call
                            \(([^\)]*)\)        # 3 - arguments
                    |
                        ([1-9]\d*|\*)           # 4 - variable
                    )
            }{
                $1 ? $1
                   : $2 ? "\[$2,"._unescape($3)."]"
                        : "[_$4]"
            }egx;
	    return $lh->maketext($str, @_);
	};
    }
    else {
	die "Unknown Style: $style";
    }

    return $Loc{$pkg}, sub {
	$lh = $pkg->get_handle(@_);
    };
}

sub default_loc {
    my ($self, %args) = @_;
    my $style = lc($args{Style});
    if ($style eq 'maketext') {
	return sub {
	    my $str = shift;
            $str =~ s{((?<!~)(?:~~)*)\[_([1-9]\d*|\*)\]}
                     {$1%$2}g;
            $str =~ s{((?<!~)(?:~~)*)\[([A-Za-z#*]\w*),([^\]]+)\]}
                     {"$1%$2(" . _escape($3) . ')'}eg;
	    _default_gettext($str, @_);
	};
    }
    elsif ($style eq 'gettext') {
	return \&_default_gettext;
    }
    else {
	die "Unknown Style: $style";
    }
}

sub _default_gettext {
    my $str = shift;
    $str =~ s{
	%			# leading symbol
	(?:			# either one of
	    \d+			#   a digit, like %1
	    |			#     or
	    (\w+)\(		#   a function call -- 1
		(?:		#     either
		    %\d+	#	an interpolation
		    |		#     or
		    ([^,]*)	#	some string -- 2
		)		#     end either
		(?:		#     maybe followed
		    ,		#       by a comma
		    ([^),]*)	#       and a param -- 3
		)?		#     end maybe
		(?:		#     maybe followed
		    ,		#       by another comma
		    ([^),]*)	#       and a param -- 4
		)?		#     end maybe
		[^)]*		#     and other ignorable params
	    \)			#   closing function call
	)			# closing either one of
    }{
	my $digit = $2 || shift;
	$digit . (
	    $1 ? (
		($1 eq 'tense') ? (($3 eq 'present') ? 'ing' : 'ed') :
		($1 eq 'quant') ? ' ' . (($digit > 1) ? ($4 || "$3s") : $3) :
		''
	    ) : ''
	);
    }egx;
    return $str;
};

sub _escape {
    my $text = shift;
    $text =~ s/\b_([1-9]\d*)/%$1/g;
    return $text;
}

sub _unescape {
    join(',', map {
        /\A(\s*)%([1-9]\d*|\*)(\s*)\z/ ? "$1_$2$3" : $_
    } split(/,/, $_[0]));
}

sub auto_path {
    my ($self, $calldir) = @_;
    $calldir =~ s#::#/#g;
    my $path = $INC{$calldir . '.pm'} or return;

    # Try absolute path name.
    if ($^O eq 'MacOS') {
	(my $malldir = $calldir) =~ tr#/#:#;
	$path =~ s#^(.*)$malldir\.pm\z#$1auto:$malldir:#s;
    } else {
	$path =~ s#^(.*)$calldir\.pm\z#$1auto/$calldir/#;
    }

    return $path if -d $path;

    # If that failed, try relative path with normal @INC searching.
    $path = "auto/$calldir/";
    foreach my $inc (@INC) {
	return "$inc/$path" if -d "$inc/$path";
    }

    return;
}

1;

=head1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks to Jos I. Boumans for suggesting this module to be written.

Thanks to Chia-Liang Kao for suggesting C<Path> and C<loc_lang>.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Locale::Maketext>, L<Locale::Maketext::Lexicon>

=head1 AUTHORS

Audrey Tang E<lt>cpan@audreyt.orgE<gt>

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 by Audrey Tang E<lt>cpan@audreyt.orgE<gt>.

This software is released under the MIT license cited below.  Additionally,
when this software is distributed with B<Perl Kit, Version 5>, you may also
redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

=head2 The "MIT" License

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

=cut